Example of a Description Text and its Structure (Various Themes)

Here is an example description text along with its structure which consists of 1) general description, 2) part description, 3) closing. The examples included are concise but accurate for easy understanding with various themes such as animals, nature, tourism, and schools.

Example of a descriptive text about animals

One-horned rhinoceros

General Description

The one-horned rhino is one of the animals that can only be found in Indonesia. As the name suggests, the uniqueness of this rhino is its single horn. This four-legged animal is also an animal protected by the state because it is rare and almost extinct.

Part Description (head)

This animal has a long snout and large nostrils. Just above the snout is a horn or horn that bends sharply. Meanwhile, the ears are wide at the back of the head and almost at the neck or hump.

Description of Part (body)

His body is big and muscular. In fact, it is known that the one-horned rhino is the largest animal on the island of Java. Just imagine, it can weigh up to 1.5 tons.

Part Description (skin)

His whole body was covered by thick skin that almost looked like a knight's armour made of metal. His skin colour is brown, almost pale ash, like the colour of solid mountain rock.

Description of Parts (legs)

This large rhino is supported by four sturdy legs as well. Each leg has three nails. Thick nails are covered by thick skin as well to support his large body.

Closing

How extraordinary is this rare prima donna of Indonesia. It is fitting for all of us to help preserve this animal by at least really getting to know it. Don't know, then don't love, right?

Example of a Description Text about Nature

Waterfall

General Description

A waterfall is a stream of water falling from a hill or other high area. The flow of water is large enough so that the foam of the water still flows even though it is far from a high place. The waterfall is mesmerizing because of its loud but melodious sound and gives a refreshing splash of water around it.

Part Description (Water)

The falling water looks white. This is because the strong flow of water forces air in and turns it into small bubbles in very large numbers. So the water reflects too much light, and the foam appears white. Even though it's foamy, it still looks stunning because the foam produced is very small in micro size.

Part Description (Water Splash)

Meanwhile, a very small froth gushed into the air. Provides invisible moisture, which can only be felt if we are near a waterfall. Under certain circumstances, the flying water foam can be seen as fog. In fact, sometimes, this phenomenon will form a colourful rainbow around the waterfall.

Description of Section (Rock Body of Water)

Meanwhile, the lower part of the river that falls into the waterfall will form a unique rock formation around it because the falling water erodes the rocks in the water body (river) below it. So there is a rock basin in it. The rocks that are there also look beautiful and are often covered with green moss in the dry part.

Closing

Waterfalls are a natural phenomenon that gives humans great interest. Some countries that are less fortunate and do not have it lose deliberately make artificial waterfalls for tourism purposes. Therefore, waterfalls are natural phenomena for which all of us should be grateful for their beauty.

Example of a tourist place description text

South Sea Coast Tour of West Java

General Description

Ranch crocodile is one of the coastal tourist destinations in the southern part of West Java. It is flanked by Sayang Heulang and Jayanti harbour, which is another beach along the southern coast of Garut-Cianjur, West Java. This beach is famous for the beauty of the beach, sea, and green grass in the hilly area.

Section Description (Beach)

This beach has clean white sand. The area of ​​the beach depends on the tides. When the sea is high, the beach area becomes narrower. But when it recedes, there are parts of the beach that are open and often leave many hidden treasures such as shellfish and two-nature creatures leftover from the tides.

Section Description (Sea)

From a distance, the seawater looks blue in line with the turquoise sky that covers it. Meanwhile, up close, the water is very clear. So clear, we can see the fish swimming among the coral reefs that are no less beautiful.

Section Description ( Meadow)

Hills and vast grass fields stretch behind the beach area. The grass field is inhabited by local residents' cattle and sheep. Hills, meadows, beaches and endless sea as the background make Rancabuaya a complete place and very suitable for taking pictures together.

Description of Section (Tourism Facilities)

Along the south coast has been covered by asphalt roads that are easily accessible by motorized vehicles. There are several small stalls selling various snacks, food, and souvenirs for souvenirs. The stalls are located in an area near the road only.

Description of Section (Tourism Environment)

Although some areas have been equipped with paved roads, this area is still relatively quiet. Rancabuaya Beach is still rarely visited when compared to Pamempeuk beach and or Pangandaran beach. Not many commercial places can be visited. So this area is also, of course, still very comfortable to visit without the bustle of too many tourists.

Closing

So what are you waiting for, if you are planning to travel, try this beach. Not to mention, Rancabuaya is one of the tourist areas that can make the mountain team and beach team get along because they are both here.

Example of a descriptive text about school

Studio Art School

General Description

Studio Art School is the first art and science-based education school in Indonesia. This school uses an artistic approach to train students to experiment to create something real, innovative, and in accordance with the needs of society.

Section Description (School Type)

This school is included in non-formal education but still holds high school-level programs that focus more on the process of exploration and self-discovery, namely to help students find their role in society, identify problems, and learn various media that they can use to solve these problems. Eduardo believes that school is more than just report cards and formal achievements.

Section Description (Post School)

Even so, the school still prepares students to continue on to college if students so desire. Therefore, there is a high school equivalency program and even a diploma that can be followed to prepare students to continue their studies to college.

Description of Section (Learning Activities in School)

Schools free their students outside the classroom to explore their various learning needs independently. Therefore, this school consists of a large area that has small buildings in the form of classrooms, laboratories, and other facilities that students need on the Edurio school campus.

Part Description (School Final Project)

This school promotes learning that engages students to carry out projects and experiments related to art. Schools free whatever students want to make as the main goal of their learning interest. Exhibitions, comic publications, books, and fashion shows can be chosen as the final project to determine student graduation.

Closing

Art and science have always been at the forefront of human development. Thus, a school like audio is a new option that can be a good alternative for students to develop their potential. Although students are freed through their own learning desires and interests, the school also provides formal education needs. So that makes this school extraordinary and remains balanced or equivalent to other formal education.

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Description Text – Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Pattern, Rules

Definition of Description Text

The descriptive text describes an object or atmosphere in detail and clearly so that the reader seems to feel or experience it himself. This understanding is reinforced by the expert opinion below.

According to Dalman (2018, p. 94) reveals that descriptive text is writing that describes or describes particular objects or events in clear and detailed words as if the reader also feels and experiences directly whatever is described by the author.

Still related to the opinion above, Kurniasari (2014, p. 141) argues that descriptive text contains the experience of seeing and feeling objects that are clearly described so that the reader can feel what the author sees or thinks for himself.

Type of Description Text by Shape

If we sort out the types of descriptive text in terms of its shape, this text can be divided into two types of categories, namely: 

1. The descriptive text stands alone as a single text (descriptive essay, prose non-imaginative descriptions, etc.).
2. Descriptive text is part of other texts such as short stories, fantasy stories, advertising texts, observation reports, etc.

Feature Text Description

We can dissect the descriptive text based on its characteristics, both in general and in detail, from each of its constituent elements (objectives, content, language rules). Everything will be discussed comprehensively here. Dalman (2018, p.94) argues that these characteristics are as follows. 

1. Pay attention to details or details about objects,
2. It influences sensitivity and shapes the reader's imagination,
3. Delivered in a captivating style and with an evocative choice of words,
4. Describes something that can be heard, seen, and felt, for example, objects, nature, colors, and people.

Meanwhile, still having the same opinion, Kurniasari (2014, p.141) revealed that the characteristics of descriptive text include the following:

1. The contents describe an object, place, living thing, or a particular atmosphere.
2. The depiction is done using the five senses used, including the sense of sight, the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, the purpose of taste, or the sense of touch.
3. The purpose of reading a descriptive paragraph is as if the person reading or being told feels and sees the object in question for themselves.

In addition to the general characteristics above, we can also sort the characteristics of this text into the special characteristics of each part. Here is the presentation.

Characteristics of Description Text by Purpose

1. The purpose of descriptive text is to describe the object in detail subjectively, which means describing the object's condition based on the author's point of view.
2. The descriptive text describes or describes in detail through as concrete a description as possible an object, atmosphere, or feeling. The reader seems to see, hear, and experience what the author describes.

Characteristics of Text Object Description

The objects discussed in the descriptive text are special or certain objects different from other (unique) objects. The object described is personal (subjective, based on the author's disposition).

Characteristics of Content Description Text

In essence, based on the content, the descriptive text will be in detail, detailing the parts of the object that are described concretely, using special words. Here is the description.

1. The contents of the description text are broken down to become details of the parts that make up the unity of an object.
2. The contents of the description describe concretely or concretely; for example, the hill is beautiful, what is beautiful like? For example, the hill is beautiful, green and fresh-looking, covered by the turquoise mountains and the bright blue sky stretching out.
3. Use lots of special words. For example, common words are color, and special words include green, blue, orange, etc.
4. It is personal with the emotional content of the author, so he usually uses words of strong emotion (my mother is tough, the beauty of the beach, the waves are pounding, etc.).

Characteristics of Description Text in terms of Language Use (Language Rules)

Descriptive texts can be distinguished in terms of language use or linguistic rules. Here are some of these characteristics in terms of language use or linguistic rules.

1. Using special words to concretize, for example, not only using the general word "color" but directly mentioning: yellow, red, green, blue, etc.
2. Using detailed sentences to concretize, for example, My mother is a very good person. This is followed by a detailed sentence from good: "He always tries to help others, and his speech is soft to everyone."
3. Use more emotional words (strong emotions). For example, instead of using beautiful, this text usually uses synonyms with stronger emotions such as beautiful, beautiful, beautiful, amazing.
4. It uses the figure of speech or language style that uses parables. For example: "The turquoise blue sea is like a beautiful rug that stretches out, accompanied by waving palm trees and the sea breeze gently caressing our faces."
5. Using language that makes the reader see, hear, and feel what is being described.
6. Many use personal pronouns: my mother, you, we, you, we, etc.

Description Text Structure

In general, descriptive text structure consists of identification, section description, and closing. Here are the details.

1.      General Description

It consists of Identification and classification. Identification contains the characteristics of objects, signs and so on that are observed. Classification is a grouping according to type and group.

2.      Part Description

Contains descriptions of parts of the object being described.

3.      Closing

It is the author's general impression about the object that has been described in general and part by part.

 

The opinion of the expert reinforces the explanation above, convinced Mahsun (2014, p.45), who reveals that the structure of the description consists of:

1.      Title

A few words are usually affixed in the title that represent the contents of the descriptive text and the object being described.

2.      General description

Contains the definition or identity of the object to be described

3.      Part description

It is an explanation and classification of the object being described. Classification is described in more detail by providing concrete and clear pictures of the part of the object being described.

Paragraph Development Pattern Text Description

Kurniasari (2014, p.142) reveals that the pattern of developing a descriptive paragraph is divided into two, namely:

1.      Subjective Pattern

The subjective pattern is a pattern used to describe the object in question. Still, in a way that is accompanied by an opinion from the author, for example, "the place is comfortable to see, fun, and scary." The sentence includes the subjective type of the person describing it. The subjective pattern describes the object described in the way, opinion, opinion of the author himself.

2.      Objective Pattern

While the objective pattern means a depiction that is not accompanied by the author's opinion or opinion, the object is described as it is. Usually, this pattern is used to write meaningful scientific papers in descriptive texts that do not stand alone (located in other texts).

 

Types of descriptive text that do not stand alone or are in other texts have several different consideration aspects. Namely, the approach and presentation pattern. Here is the description.

Approach Description

Descriptions can be made using a particular approach. According to Keraf (1981: 104-131), the approach is as follows.

1.      Realistic Approach

A realistic approach tries to make the description of the observed object is described following the real situation, and objective evidence can be seen.

2.      Impressionist Approach

The Impressionist approach is an approach that tries to describe something at a glance its objectivity, and it can almost be said to be subjective. This is usually done when the description is not the main part of the writing.

3.      The approach according to the Attitude of the Author

This approach refers to how the attitude and views of the author towards the object he describes. The author is free to choose one attitude, such as being serious, not ignoring it too much, taking an ironic attitude, etc.

Presentation Pattern Description

Keraf (1981: 138-141) suggests that the order in which the description is presented includes questions about how something is seen. The point of view pattern can be classified with several patterns below.

1.      Static Pattern

In this pattern, the writer or observer is in a state of silence (static) so that he can cast his gaze to the place to be described by following certain sequences from the start of the particular point of view where he is (still).

2.      Moving Pattern

The second pattern is to view an object with moving conditions. So, the writer can describe how the atmosphere and feelings he feels when he sees it in motion. For example, the tree in front feels abandoned faster, while the mountain behind is still visible.

3.      Skeleton Pattern

An outline pattern is when the object being described is too large or broad, making it difficult to describe it as a whole. Thus, the description is made into a framework to be described based on its parts.

An example of descriptive text can be seen on the page below:

Example of a descriptive text and its structure

Read also: Example of a descriptive text and its structure

 

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