Definition of Test Report Text
Experimental report text is a text that presents information about experimental results obtained through systematic experiments and analysis as it is. This definition is in line with the Ministry of Education and Culture team (2017, p. 10), who stated that the text of the experimental results report is a text that presents information about the experimental results as it is.
The text of the experimental results report can actually be said to be almost the same as the text of the observation report. It's just that what is reported is the result of an experiment, not an observation. The experiment will involve something that must be done systematically before being reported.
Because the experiment is an activity that is carried out, then when we are going to report it, we must also observe the results of the activity. Therefore, such as an observation report, the text of the experimental report will also involve some texts such as description text, exposition text, and explanation text.
Studying the Structure and Language of the Experimental Report Text
The test report is a compound text involving several types of text. At least this text will use descriptive text and explanatory text. The following is a description resulting from studying the structure, model, and linguistic features of the experimental report text.
Test Report Text Structure
To put it simply, the structure of the Experimental Report Text consists of the following two parts (MoEC, 2017, p. 24).
It consists of classification and a statement. This section determines the classification of aspects of something being tested, such as nature, plants, tools, and others that are discussed in general.
Describe something that is discussed in detail, part by part, habits, to something that is needed for life and natural behaviour for living things. It can also include using materials and tools for experiments to make objects and other special things.
However, in fact, the structure of the experimental results report will adjust according to the type of text model of the experimental results report being made. In the experimental model of making something, the structure becomes:
- Purpose, explain the purpose of what kind of experiment, why it should be made, what will be proven, etc.
- Tools and Materials describe the tools and materials that will be used in conducting experiments to make things.
- Steps explain how the steps taken in carrying out the experimental activities.
- Results describe the experimental results and will have two main structures of the experimental report: a general statement and a description of each experimental result.
- The conclusion means concluding all activities and experimental results that have been carried out.
Test Report Text Model (Type)
There are at least three experimental report models that can be compiled, and the following is an explanation.
This model is prepared using a systematic paper, meaning that the two main structures of the experimental report will be presented through a) Objectives, b) Theoretical Studies, c) Tools and Materials, d) Procedures/How to Work, e) Observations, f) Discussions, g) Conclusion, h) Bibliography.
This model will only use the two main structures of the observation report, namely general statements and descriptions. The description itself will be divided into each section which is described, for example, for animal experiments: a) Appearance, b) Feeding Habits, c) Capacity, d) Reproduction.
Like the example described above, an experimental report can also be prepared through a model of making an object as an experimental activity. This model will involve the structure of a) objectives, b) tools and materials, c) steps, d) results, e) conclusions.
Language Characteristics of Test Report Text
Like other texts, the experimental report text has distinctive linguistic features or rules that distinguish this text from other types of text. The following are linguistic characteristics that are commonly used in reports (Kemdikbud, 2017, p. 24).
- Introducing general or group aspect words, such as two-wheeled vehicles, public transportation, cat family, freshwater fish, mammals, poultry, reptiles, etc.
- Many use logical relationship assignment words, such as: then, when, etc.
- Use the word assignment to keep writing coherent (the meaning is well integrated).
- Many use active sentences.
- Using active verbs to describe the process and action of experimental activities.
- Some sentences describe the sequence of activities.
- Use more nouns and noun phrases than personal pronouns.
- Some report models use technical terms or scientific terms.
- Some report models come with diagrams, maps, photos, etc.
Test Report Text Features
Meanwhile, in general, the text of the experimental report has the following characteristics.
- Objective, meaning that information is conveyed based on things obtained through experiments. If an experiment suspects A will have a good impact, but the experimental results turn out to have a bad impact, then the trial report will still say that the experiment failed (not covered up).
- Fact, meaning that it is not based on unproven allegations. For example, the experimental report would not say that "the vitamin C content in oranges is very high" but would say "the vitamin C content in a 60-gram orange is as much as 100 mg" because experiments have been carried out and prove and measure the content of vitamin C in citrus fruits.
- Comprehensive (Complete), the experimental report will fully describe the parts, and each part is explained in detail, not just an overview.
Purpose of Test Report Text (Function)
The text of the experimental report has the main purpose of conveying the experimental results as is. Why? The following are some of the purposes and functions of experimental report texts in general.
- Looking for and finding new techniques or ways that have never been used before to solve a particular innovative problem.
- Consider the steps that will be taken to make a decision on a problem. Through experiments, the problem will be more "visible", so it is easier to make decisions based on objective facts that have been proven through experiments.
- Experimental reports can increase knowledge about a matter to provide choices or alternative solutions that can be used.
- Find out about the development of certain problems that need to be retested. For example, are today's batteries the same as decades ago? It may have changed, and some things must be adjusted in responding to batteries by the community.
- Supervise and fix things more efficiently and better thanks to experimental results, which again provide detailed descriptions of what happens when an activity is tried on something.
Sample Test Report Text or Experiment
Electrical Energy Delivery Experiment
General Statement
Purpose
Electricity is energy that can be channelled through a conducting object. To understand and know how electricity can be conducted, it is necessary to experiment. Experiments that have been carried out are turning on lights by utilizing electrical energy through conducting objects and other objects that cannot conduct them.
Tools and materials
The experiment was carried out using special materials that had been prepared previously. The materials used are batteries, wires, light bulbs, thread, plastic rope, tape.
Description
Steps
First, the experiment was started by connecting two wires to the bulb. The method used is to peel off part of the end of the cable so that the metal part is visible and then glue it to the bulb using masking tape.
Next, the two remaining ends of the cable that have been glued to the lamp are attached to the battery. When this is done, the light comes on. This means that the cable can conduct electricity from the battery to the light bulb.
Then, the above steps are repeated again, only this time without using a cable. The experiment was carried out using a plastic rope. It turned out that by using a plastic string, the light bulb didn't turn on.
Results
From these experiments, it can be seen that the bulb lights up when it is connected to the battery using a cable. However, the bulb does not light up when it is connected to the battery using a plastic strap.
Conclusion
Thus, it can be concluded that the cable can conduct electric current. Meanwhile, plastic ropes cannot conduct electricity.
Various other sample test report texts can be seen at the following link:
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