Examples of Persuasive Speeches and Their Structures (Various Topics)

Example persuasive speech presented here is written briefly but contains appropriate linguistic rules and structures. The structure includes: 1) Opening, 2) Contents containing: position statement; argument stage; strengthening the position statement, 3) Closing.

The following is an example of a persuasive speech text and its structure with various discussion topics, including the dangers of drugs, the importance of education, environmental hygiene, and discipline.

Examples of persuasive speeches about drugs

Opening

Drugs are a complicated problem in Indonesia and even the world. Its existence worries many parties. The condition of the victims who have already fallen into the black abyss is very worrying. Drugs have damaged many young souls who have a long way to go.

Contents

Position Statement

Firm action to ignore it altogether is the only way to avoid it. Because we are just a little close to this object, we will fall into a black hole that will torture us physically and psychologically.

Argument Stage

How not? Once we try drugs, these items will haunt us every day, every hour, even every second! Drugs are addictive substances which means that our bodies will continue to ask for them when we have tasted them.

It's not that our bodies want them, but that drugs manipulate our bodies to ask for them. Our bodies will be fooled to continue to enter this dangerous drug even though the substances contained in it actually destroy our bodies.

It does not stop there, and drugs will also attack us psychologically. That is, our hearts will continue to be restless if we haven't tasted it. The darkness will cover our heads; it creates until we can even yell and even hurt the people we love.

We are not the only victims when we talk about our loved ones. But the people closest to us who care about our lives. Imagine how your parents felt to see you suffer from being trapped by this hazardous substance. They will not be able to see us suffer. They will also get a lot of societal stigma for a lifetime!

Strengthening of Position Statement

It's enough that 3,000,000 people in Indonesia have been trapped in their mortal pleasures. Yes, you heard it right; 3,000,000 people and still counting have fallen into this black hole of illicit objects based on data compiled by BNN or the National Narcotics Agency in 2019.

Closing

Therefore I state firmly, please do not approach this unclean thing! It's not just a matter of law, and even the law is just an intermediary. Drugs should be shunned because they are really destructive and will destroy your life! Thank you.

Examples of persuasive speeches about education

Opening

The forefront of the progress of a nation is education. Education will never be separated from the key to success in all aspects of life. Therefore, allow me to raise the spirit of education in this opportunity.

Contents

Position Statement

Education is an area we are working on together today. Both as students and as education providers. We are all equal in the eyes of education, and we are all integrated with the lifelong education ecosystem. This means that we must all be the driving force of education whenever and wherever we are, both on a small and large scale.

Argument Stage

The importance of education in the nation's life rests on the fact that the development of human resources is the biggest factor in the success of the community system. Both in the economic, social, political, cultural, and other major sectors.

An educated society will lead us to a better life. The real example can be seen in Japan how the country was able to get back on its feet quickly after its destruction when the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The education sector is one of the main things they pay attention to after the humanitarian disaster. As a result, even though they lost in the second world war, they managed to become one of the countries with the strongest economy globally.

This can be traced to an article published by Britannica, one of the world's educational institutions, which stated that after its defeat in the 2nd world war, there had been major reforms and developments in the Japanese education system.

Strengthening of Position Statement

With this small sample, I think it is enough to be a strong argument about the importance of education. All aspects of life in this world can never be separated from the progress of education as well not only in terms of knowledge but from character education and the mental progress of the community as well.

Closing

I hope it's clear what I'm saying this time. Let's together continue to remember and realize a good and educational education in Indonesia. That is all, and thank you.

Example of a persuasive speech about the environment (environmental cleanliness)

Opening

The environment is our main foothold in carrying out all life activities worldwide. Without a supportive and adequate environment, our lives will not run well. A good environment will also positively impact our lives as inhabitant beings who will not even survive without it.

Contents

Position statement

So that's why we have to take care of it. Always keeping a clean environment while using it will give us a commensurate return. On the other hand, if we just inhabit this environment and neglect its cleanliness, disaster will be the result.

Argument stage

I think everyone would agree that cleanliness is always synonymous with health. Therefore, the first benefit of protecting the environment is maintaining our health, especially during a pandemic like now.

Keeping yourself clean is not enough. An unclean environment can be a breeding ground for various disease carriers. Various harmful microbes can live in an unclean environment, including viruses.

In addition to physical health, maintaining a clean environment can also maintain our mental health. According to the American Heart Association, spending time in a clean, open, and green environment can help reduce levels of anxiety and depression.

Then a clean environment also makes us much more comfortable to live in. Everyone must be aware of this. A clean environment makes us more comfortable staying for a longer time, which will help the various activities we do become much smoother.

Strengthening of Position Statement

Once again, I emphasize that maintaining a clean environment is important that all of us should not miss. We may not immediately get the negative impact. But other people who are your fellow human beings pay the price.

Without keeping the river environment clean, flooding will hit people who are close to the river. Plastic waste ends up polluting the oceans. Yes, if not treated properly, plastic waste will end up in the ocean, and the people who live there will suffer the most.

In fact, according to data compiled by National Geographic, if we don't stop littering, by 2040, nearly thirty million square tons of plastic waste will flood the oceans.

Closing

That's my presentation about environmental hygiene. Hopefully, this short speech can burn the audience's spirit to always take care of all of our homes. That is all, and thank you.

Examples of persuasive speeches about discipline

Opening

Good afternoon, best wishes, and may we all remain protected in this difficult time. Ladies and gentlemen, on this occasion, I would like to convey a short message to take our potential to the next level.

Contents

Position statement

What is something that can really bring out our potential? It is nothing but discipline. Yes, discipline in the simple sense of being able to maintain consistency and be consistent with what obligations we want and are doing. We as a school community should instill high self-discipline in our daily lives, including in learning activities.

Argument Stage

Without discipline, someone who is intelligent and extraordinarily intelligent will not be able to bring out his potential. He cannot produce anything that is useful for himself, let alone for others. Why? Because the creative process requires high discipline. If a person is not disciplined in his work, the work will never be finished.

Lack of self-discipline will also prevent a job from being slower. This means that the work will never be finished because there is no consistency in the work that will immediately make it complete. In this fast-paced era of the 4.0 industrial revolution, a lack of discipline threatens one to be unable to survive against this fast-paced flow of work traffic.

Discipline is also the main foundation of one's competence. Why? Because discipline is one part of soft skills that determines a person's success or failure in life. According to Dr. Syahrial Mukhtar, Vice President Stakeholder Relations of PT. Pertamina soft skills are the key to success in the world of work.

Strengthening of Position Statement

Thus practicing self-discipline is an important aspect that should not be overlooked for all of us. Discipline is the key to the success of our lives in any aspect or dimension, without exception. It is true that maintaining discipline is not an easy thing and can be difficult. However, Mario Teguh, an Indonesian motivational expert, once said that suffering from discipline is better than suffering from regret.

Closing

That's the message I want to convey on this occasion. Hopefully, we can all continue to maintain and practice continuously so that we can become disciplined individuals. Thank you for your attention.

Continue reading Examples of Persuasive Speeches and Their Structures (Various Topics)

Persuasive Speeches: Examples, Definitions & Complete Explanations

Understanding Persuasive Speech

A persuasive speech is a speech used to convince an audience or listener to believe it and want to do something about a certain topic. Persuasion is part of the exposition. Exposition is used to convince listeners or readers by presenting arguments from a proven point of view.

So what is a persuasive speech like? The following is one of the best examples of a speech made to persuade people to pay attention to and solve global warming issues that Greta Thunberg delivered at the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit or Climate Summit held at UN headquarters.

Greta Thunberg Persuasive Speech Example: Global Warming

Swedish teenage activist Greta Thunberg caused a stir at the United Nations on Monday, 23 September 2019. Her speech went viral for her scathing criticism of world leaders' lack of action on climate change caused by global warming. The following is the text of the speech, sorted by the elements and structure of the content of the speech text.

Opening

If you ask me, what is my message, then my message is that we will be watching you. This is all wrong. I shouldn't be here. I should be in a school class across the ocean. Yet all of you have come to us, young people, to have hope. How dare you!

You have stolen my dreams and childhood through your bullshit. But I am one of the lucky ones. While out there, people are suffering, people are dying, and the whole ecosystem is collapsing. We are at the dawn of mass extinction, while all you can talk about is money and fairy tales about perpetual economic growth. How dare you!

Contents

Position statement

For more than 30 years, science has proved it very clearly. How dare you keep looking away and come here saying you've done enough when the political path and needed solutions are still nowhere to be seen.

You said you heard us, and you understand the urgency of climate change. But no matter how sad and angry I am, I don't believe any of that. Because if you really understand the situation and still keep failing to act, you are all bad people. And I still refuse to believe it.

Argument Stage

The popular idea of ​​halving air emissions in 10 years only gives us a 50% chance of staying below 1.5 degrees Celsius and runs the risk of setting off an irreversible chain reaction beyond human control.

Fifty percent may be acceptable to you. But those numbers don't include tipping points, most feedback loops, and other additional warming caused by toxic air pollution that is an aspect of climate justice and law. They also rely on my generation to suck hundreds of billions of tons of CO2 out of the air with almost non-existent technological solutions.

So the 50% risk is totally unacceptable to us who have to live with the consequences.

To have a 67% chance of staying under a 1.5-degree global temperature rise, best effort given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world still has 420 gigatons of CO2 left to re-emit on January 1, 2018. In fact, the current figure dropped to less than 350 gigatons.

Strengthening of Position Statement

How dare you pretend that this can all be solved with just "business as usual" and a few other minor technical solutions? The remaining CO2 budget will be completely gone in less than eight and a half years at current emission levels.

There will be no solution or plan presented according to these numbers here today because these numbers are not enough. You all seem like you're still not mature enough to say it the way it is.

Closing

You let us down. But the youths are beginning to understand your betrayal. The eyes of all generations regarding the future are on you. And if you choose to let us down, I say: We will never forgive you.

We won't let you get away with it. Here, at this point is where we draw the line. The world is waking up. And change will come, like it or not.

Thank you.

Speech Sample Analysis

Incredibly evocative, isn't it? The important point of the speech above, apart from using accurate data to support her persuasive argument, is how Greta uses criticism to motivate all groups.

Greta's persuasive speech is essentially a motivational invitation that stirs emotion but is conveyed differently for the two audiences. Namely in the form of an invitation to fight together for the younger generation and criticism in the form of sharp objective criticism (based on data) for the established generation who have become leaders of the country.

Sometimes, a speech that is too passionate like that is not suitable or appropriate to be delivered. We can take another approach, for example, instead of evoking emotions but using ethics through subtle satire that is more elegant but still catches. Use a style that we think is more suitable for use with our own character.

Several approaches can be used to persuade a person or an audience in addition to arousing their emotions. Here is the explanation.

How to persuade

Here are some approaches to persuading an audience.

1. Ethics use an ethical approach which means touching the audience through moral values ​​and the truth that must be upheld.
2. Emotion touches the audience's feelings by burning their spirits or actually making the listeners feel touched by reality.
3. Logic means using logic to give the effect of agreeing because the argument is reasonable and can be scientifically proven (Kemdikbud, 2017, p.37).

In the end, Greta also actually uses exposition that tries to change someone's attitude or view about something. In this case, the views and attitudes are regarding the issue of global warming.

Exposition Type

In addition to the exposition used in Greta's persuasive speech, there are other types of exposition as well. Here are the types of exposition that can be used in persuasive speech.

1. Exposition that can change people's attitudes or change people's views about something.
2. Expositions are used to promote or sell products or services to an activity or activity (charity concerts, art performances, etc.).
3. Exposition used to defend a particular case.

Purpose of Persuasive Speech

Persuasive speech aims to convince the listener or audience to do something. A real example is how Greta's speech above wants her audience to change the views, attitudes, and actions of leaders to pay more attention to the issue of global warming. Persuasive speeches are an effective way to change and excite an audience.

Elements of Persuasive Speech

To achieve the goal of a persuasive speech, it takes the integrity of the elements that make up the speech itself. Here are the elements that must be considered in order to create a good persuasive speech. Of course, these elements can also be studied if we want to conclude and identify a persuasive speech (reverse engineering).

1.      Opening

For example, does your speech have a strong opening that can grab the listener's attention? There are five aspects to consider from the opening:

• Grab attention

Seizing the audience's attention must still be done so that the message we convey is really heard carefully.

• Relationship with audience

It means using something (the story) that makes the audience relate and feel what the speaker means (relative).

• Appropriateness

Show that we, as speech speakers deserve to talk about the topics presented. Tell the experience or ability that we have politely and real data without being arrogant.

• Purpose

Explain what we expect after the speech has been delivered or read.

• Roadmap

It means to tell what the main idea will be delivered in the speech.

2.      Contents

Ensure that each content is disaggregated as the main idea, which is always accompanied by logical, convincing reasons and supported by adequate and valid data. Arrange logically use trusted sources real examples that make the audience relate to their daily lives (reliable).

3.      Closing

The closing should be made interesting and able to leave an impression so that the contents of the speech will be remembered better by the audience (Kemdikbud, 2017, p.38).

Persuasive Speech Content Structure

Because persuasive speech is included in the exposition text, this text generally begins with an introduction that provides a position statement that provides the author's opinion or point of view. The following is an explanation of each structure.

1.      Position statement

It is an opinion or position used by the author to review an issue. For example, what is the position of the speaker on an issue? Is it a victim, an expert, or just someone who cares about the issue? To make a strong position statement, we can question the following points.

• Who will be convinced?

• Who will be convinced? (change views? Attitudes? behavior?)

• What types of arguments will grab their attention? (ethics will be much more influential on certain groups in society, while it must be more logical and realistic).

• Does the statement clearly state the position?

2.      Argument Stage

The arguments made must be logically explained and proven with reasons, examples, expert evidence, and strong statistical data or information.

3.      Strengthening of Position Statement

Meaning In this section, the location of the argument is highlighted. The conclusion of the position based on the arguments that have been presented strengthens the position. The stages include:

• Reinforce a position statement and emphasize the main idea by using voice, high-low, facial expressions, body language, and gestures that match the argument.

• Arguments are developed logically and supported by evidence, not just based on emotion and intuition.

• Tables, pictures, diagrams, or photos of evidence from source data can be used to produce stronger statements (MoEC, 2017, p.45).

Language Characteristics of Persuasive Speech (Exposition Text)

Again, because the persuasive speech text is part of the exposition text, the linguistic features are also based on the linguistic features of the exposition text. The following describes the linguistic features of persuasive speech (Kemdikbud, 2017, p. 46).

1.      Nominalization (Definition)

Nominalization is a grammatical process that converts nouns, verbs, and adjectives into nouns. This process serves to connect meanings between sentences. For example: (a) The government will enact an Anti-Violence Law. (b). The enactment is a relief for many parties in this country. Sentences (a) and (b) are related to each other through the word enforce-enforcement.

2.      Passive Forms and Personal Pronouns

Exposition texts are generally written not using the first person form (I) but described as members of the community or those in authority in society (servant of society). For example: "This must be stopped" so that it sounds formal and does not become an arrogant party and can stop it on its own. Personal pronouns are also omitted so as not to corner a particular person or institution. Usually, the personal pronouns used are: "he, they, nation, citizen."

3.      Vocabulary

• The vocabulary that is often used is technical terms, and then synonyms are often used to avoid repeating words that make sentences too stiff.

• Word chain means using a lot of word pairs (synonyms and antonyms) and word families related to each other, such as land, regeneration, and natural resources.

• Abstract nouns, such as joy, fear, and technical words such as species and genus. Emotive words are used to provoke the audience's feelings, such as devastating, extraordinary, sad, etc.

• Task words, as conjunctions such as: in addition, because, because, as a result of, on the other hand, etc.

• The word task, as the creator of cohesion or linkage of forms such as: like, because, because of that, then, etc.

• The reason for the action is a conjunction between sentences: a similar thing, however, to the first reason.

Steps to Write a Persuasive Speech (Preparation for Writing a Persuasive Speech)

Writing a persuasive speech means carrying out careful preparation before writing it. Here is a preparation for writing a persuasive speech.

1.      Learn Topic

Know and study the topics to be delivered. Do a study as much as possible of things related to the topic. Take the time to read books on the topic to be presented. Take note of important data and sources that can strengthen the argument.

2.      Understand the Purpose

Make sure the goals to be achieved are understandable and following the topic's urgency.

3.      Understand the Audience

Learn who the audience will be listening to; each audience has its own needs.

Other Persuasive Speech Examples

Examples of persuasive speeches and their structures with various other discussion topics can be seen in the articles below:

Read also: Examples of Persuasive Speechesand Their Structures (Various Topics)

Continue reading Persuasive Speeches: Examples, Definitions & Complete Explanations

Example of Response Text and its Structure (Critical, Praise, Culture, etc.)

Example response text is made briefly but still contains all the required linguistic structures and rules. Topics covered include responses to the handling of the COVID-19 outbreak, critical responses, praise responses, culture, and concerns about waste and its problems.

Example of Critical Response Text

Response to the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Context

The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the whole country and even the world. The most significant danger of this virus is that it spreads very quickly and exponentially or multiply. But behind the health hazards, there seems to be another danger embedded in them. This pandemic has shattered national unity.

Description

How not, it seems that every local and central government policy is very difficult to find a middle point that can be agreed upon to eradicate this epidemic efficiently. Sorry, without reducing respect, why does it seems that many parties are actually blaming each other. An example is how when a small number of ministers criticized the policies of the governor of Jakarta, Anies Baswedan. He planned to implement stricter PSBB in the DKI Jakarta area.

In fact, I think his considerations make sense. The calculation is based on the remaining hospital capacity available to handle COVID-19 patients. If strict PSBB is not carried out, the capacity will run out in less than three months. However, a small number of ministers said that we still have sufficient health capacity.

The reason is that DKI Jakarta can "borrow" health facilities in other areas such as in West Java Province. But doesn't that solve the problem and instead has the potential to become a new problem? What if this actually adds to the potential for movement to spread the pandemic? In addition, from the start, the President has instructed that a strict PSBB must be carried out if it is really needed. In my opinion, the statistics conveyed by Mr. Anies have shown that Jakarta needs it.

Not intending to blame the central government, the evidence is that some local governments have even made "trouble" during a precarious condition like this. It is known that one of the deputy chairmen of the regional people's representative council has even performed dangdut in this uncertain pandemic climate. In addition, it seems that some people are still really able to follow the health protocols that have been implemented. The media crew also seems to like to report things that corner the mistakes of a party in handling Covid-19.

Evaluation

In the end, if we continue to blame one party, then everything will also be wrong; it will be spotted. The essence of my response to this condition is this. In the midst of this pandemic, we should stop blaming each other and instead work together to help each other deal with it through togetherness. Togetherness for the common good too.

Sample Compliment Response Text

Landscape Painting of Flores by Basuki Abdullah

Context

Basuki Abdullah is one of the greatest painting maestro in the country. He is a naturalist painter whose work has echoed throughout the world. His trademark is how he can paint landscapes or portraits with expressive brush strokes but still neat and similar to the original state. One of them is a painting entitled "Flores Beach."

Description

This painting depicts the beauty of Flores beach as it is from a special point of view. Basuki Abdullah took all parts of nature on the beach greedily but in a beautiful way. Forests, hills, beaches, and oceans fill this landscape painting.

The tropical forest on the island of Flores looks detailed and exotic in Abdullah's hands. The trees twisting to and fro is placed at the very front of the scene, making it a strong figure to support other scenes.

The hills are lined with gaze-directing powers that make us want to explore this work further. How not, the hill is depicted from the closest part, which is very green, then continues to move away and fade until it finally turns blue and finally leads us to the mountains under the majestic blue sky covered in white clouds.

The waves are depicted strong yet gentle and graceful, swaying towards the shore. There are two figures who seem to enjoy nature's beauty. One of the figures appears to be standing and stretching his arms over the rocks and about to welcome the waves. The two figures provide a more narrative about the beauty of the beach.

Evaluation

This work is truly an incomparable masterpiece that has succeeded in creating an atmosphere of the natural beauty of Indonesia from a very bright point of view. The composition is well composed and manages to contain all the beauty that is there without being "noisy" and remains harmonious even though it is considered "greedy" in taking the subject of painting. This is one of Basuki Abdullah's characteristics, who can turn a complicated landscape into a beautiful and slick naturalist work.

Example of a Critical Response Text about Culture

Korean Popular Culture

Context

Popular culture is a variety of works that can be easily spread and liked by anyone easily, especially among teenagers and the younger society in general. An example of popular culture is how Korean songs, series, and films invade Indonesian society through the handsomeness and beauty of the country of ginseng packaged in romantic dramas that are witty but still touching the heart.

Description

Of course, getting entertainment in a new form from across the country is perfectly legal and can actually benefit our knowledge as well. But what is unfortunate is how our nation seems to be more interested in this culture.

How not, many have been interested in Korean culture since childhood because they have consumed the popular culture of the country of ginseng. Even some of them are able to master the Korean language, which is not easy to learn.

Again, this proves that the benefits obtained by the community are also very large. But it would be nice if we could also appreciate our own very rich and diverse culture. In fact, many people out there are attracted to this beautiful Indonesian culture.

However, we cannot blame foreign nations who are able to snatch the hearts of our people as well. Perhaps one of this country's shortcomings, both from the government, actors in the entertainment world, and we ourselves must reflect for a moment to think about this "failure."

Does the government pay enough attention to the local entertainment industry? So that talented artists can not spawn their work to the public. Or is it the entertainment industry itself that thinks too much about profit so that it only dares to publish works that many people in Indonesia will easily absorb?

Evaluation

In the end, we must also admit that South Korea has succeeded in creating unique and distinctive works of their own nation but can be demanded throughout the world, including Indonesia. So that it is not only continuing to love one's own culture, which must be done to overcome the gap between the love of one's own culture and this foreign country.

We, as Indonesian people, must also be able to boost Indonesian popular culture in order to compete in the international arena. Through the same method as Korea, Indonesian popular culture will also lead the audience to want to know more about various Indonesian cultures more deeply.

Novel Response Text Example

Earth of Man novels

Context

"Bumi Manusia" is a novel written by one of Indonesia's greatest writers, Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This book is rich in history, especially during the Dutch colonial period, and has a very high message of nationalism. This novel is considered very influential, and Pram almost won the Nobel Prize for it. Until 2005, the novel "Bumi Manusia" has been successfully published in 33 different languages ​​and countries.

Description

This novel is set in the Dutch East Indies, before Indonesia's independence at the end of the 18th century. Pram displays the colonial atmosphere in a very slick and detailed manner. The location described is Wonokromo, a sugar cane plantation area, Surabaya, Blora.

When I read it, I felt like I was really in that era with the hustle and bustle of the colonial atmosphere that created its own romance. The story begins with the story of an indigenous descendant of the archipelago, namely Minke. The Dutch often ridiculed him because of his dark skin and essentially because he was of indigenous descent.

But for the size of the natives at that time, Minke was an educated figure. Unlike most other natives, Minke was lucky and got the opportunity to study in a Dutch East Indies school. He also greatly admired European culture and almost forgot his own country.

Although in the end, he realized that his admiration was only for his knowledge. He was struck by the fact that his people were being slaves to European colonies who did not respect indigenous human rights.

Bumi Manusia tells the story of the various upheavals that occurred in Minke's struggle against the unfair Dutch court system against the natives. His meeting with Annelies, a girl of Dutch descent who melts his heart, also intensifies the conflict.

Evaluation

Earth of Man is a masterpiece written with great attention to every detail of the events and plots it directs. It is not surprising that Pram was almost awarded the prestigious Nobel Prize for his work. With the combination of writing techniques beyond common sense, a strong moral message, and a history rich in facts that many miss, Bumi Manusia is a phenomenal novel that "must" be read by all people.

Example of Critical Response Text About Garbage

Worrying Plastic Waste

Context

Garbage is a product that inevitably will continue to be created in the wheels of modern society. Its presence will continue to approach, especially in areas that have been reached by large industries that manufacture packaged products that will leave unused residues; rubbish. One of the most concerning forms of waste is packaging waste because it is usually made of plastic that cannot be decomposed by soil.

Description

Such garbage will eventually inundate our own environment. Both literally and figuratively. That is, the waste will be scattered everywhere because the soil cannot decompose it. Then, in the end, it will end up in a river whose movement is hampered and eventually floods our homes too.

Yes, the impact is twice what we imagine. Garbage will destroy the environment in which we all live. In addition, waste that is left alone will also disrupt the health of the surrounding community because garbage is one of the biggest hotbeds for harmful germs, bacteria, and even viruses.

Continuing from the river, the garbage will end up in the sea and disturb the peace of the surrounding ecosystem. Living creatures will also feel the negative impact. One of the saddest examples is how plastic straws were found stabbed into turtles' noses that were swimming freely in nature.

Damage to the ecosystem of animals and fauna in the world will have an impact on our lives as humans as well. Even though we are the vanguard of nature, we are able to understand how to overcome this. Although, actually, we are the ones who caused it.

Evaluation

Considering these problems, it seems that it is our duty as perpetrators of destroying nature through waste to continue to try to deal with it. Less use of plastic, dispose of waste in its place, recycle waste that can be reused such as plastic and used cans. We cannot let this destroy the next generation of the nation.

Continue reading Example of Response Text and its Structure (Critical, Praise, Culture, etc.)

Response Text (Critical / Praise): Structure, Understanding, Model, Etc

Understanding Response Text

Response text is a text in the form of response in praise or support to criticism and rejection of work, thing, or event given by the responder as a form of appreciation or constructive suggestions.

The statement above is in line with the opinion of Mulyadi (2015, p. 71), which suggests that the response text is a text that contains a response, in the form of support or rejection, to a thing or event that is supported by data supporting the response.

If we are asked what this text is similar to or similar to, we will most likely be reminded of the review text. What is the difference between a response text and a review, both analyzing and describing work or thing and then judging?

First, the two are similar because they have parts description and meaningful assessment using exposition (argument). However, response texts tend to be more accessible and arguably more flexible versions of reviews. Reviews review a work, while responses can respond to an event or news that is currently being discussed. Then, this text also doesn't have to judge, and it could be that the response text only praises or criticizes.

Response Text Structure

According to the Ministry of Education and Culture team (2017, p. 93), the structure of the response text consists of several constituent parts as follows.

1. Context, including what is being responded to? Where and when did the event or thing occur? What type of event or thing? Social, technological, cultural, or artistic?
2. Description, what and how did the event occur, or how could something be realized/created or produced?
3. Evaluation, What do we think about what is being reviewed or what kind of rating we give? What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Of course, it can be easily understood that this text is composed of several texts, such as description text and review text. It can be said that the response text is one type of compound text that is built from several other types of text.

Critical Response Text

The response text is also identically juxtaposed with the word Critical. Why? Because in the assessment section, we must be able to think critically. Critical thinking may sound like we have to give sharp criticism in response to something. Not always, and that's not really the point.

Critical thinking means that we must decipher assumptions about events or things that are responded to carefully and wisely. As stated by Hidayati (2015, p. 25), critical thinking means describing assumptions about events, problems, issues, decisions, or situations carefully and wisely.

All aspects are considered carefully and seen the good and bad sides. Usually, this kind of thinking will generate sharp criticism but can show advantages that cannot be seen by others as well.

Critical Response Text Structure

Mulyadi (2015, pp. 58-59) argues that the structure of critical response texts consists of:

1. Context: this section contains the general problem of a problem. In addition to general problems, this section also usually writes the author's interpretation of the problem;
2. Description: is the main part of the critical review text that contains information about the advantages or disadvantages of a statement that can be supported or weakened;
3. Overall Rating: the end of the text that contains a re-explanation of what has been decided in assessing or responding to a matter. Usually, this section is also accompanied by the author's choice and consideration to the reader.

Actually, the opinion of the review text structure above is almost the same as what was expressed by the previous Kemdikbud team. It's just that in critical responses, it is certain that the description section will contain a critical review of what is being responded to. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Education and Culture team provided a more general understanding of the description section and could contain more than just criticism.

Language Rules for Response Text

The characteristics of the linguistic text of the response text can be seen by the many types of words and sentences as follows.

1. Using active sentences, which are sentences in which the subject acts, marked by a verb (verb) affixed with me(n)-, ber-. Example sentence: Affandi describes the clove garden beautifully.
2. Many use the word task, which expresses grammatical relationships that cannot be combined with affixes and do not contain lexical meaning. For example: to, at, from, by(prepositions), because, so, that, which(conjunction), too, -lah, -Kah(particles).
3. Using descriptive sentences, namely sentences that describe something that exists with a detailed and clear explanation.
4. The use of assessment sentences in the critical response model.
5. Using praise sentences in the compliment response model.

Type of Response Text Type (Model)

This type of text can be divided into several models of response text. The types of response models are as follows.

1. Praise response text model is a response text model that gives the deepest appreciation of work or thing that is considered very good in assessing the responder.
2. Critic response model is a response text model that examines carefully and wisely so that the slightest error can be seen and responded to. Sometimes this method is not suitable for use because it is pessimistic (too much to see the bad side), but sometimes this response is better than pseudo praise.
3. The suggestion response model is a better alternative in any situation and condition in responding politely. It can provide constructive criticism, not just spit out the mistakes of work or things.

However, regardless of the model, praise, or sharp criticism, both must still be conveyed politely and have suggestions that are shown how to improve or develop what is being responded to.

Response text function

The function of the response text includes several things, which are described below.

1. Appreciate a work or thing done by someone else in as much detail and clarity as possible.
2. Provide constructive criticism that can help something to be completed or become even better.
3. A vehicle or means of responding to things so that fellow praisers or critics can have a better dialogue through the context, description, and assessment provided by the response text.
4. Provide advice on a matter or problem in a systematic, directed, and best way so that praise or criticism is not false and can be accounted for (objectively).

Identifying & Inferring Information Contents of response-text

Identifying response text information means being able to conclude the contents of the text as well. The following steps can be taken to identify and infer response information.

1. Find out what works are being responded to
2.  Find out who produced the work or what the response was
3. Also, find out who responded
4. Learn how the response takes
5. Analyze how to respond

For clarity, here is an example of how to identify response information.

Example of Short Response Text

This painting is a high-class work of art by the maestro Affandi. He describes the natural scenery of clove plantations in hilly plantation areas that are still natural and appear as they are from nature.

Human figures are presented as supporting objects to liven up the atmosphere in the painting, but this still shows the existence of life activities that are integrated with nature. As usual, Affandi's unique stroked expression makes this painting even more special.

Like most Affandi's other paintings, he always places the sun as the main object. However, in this painting, the sun's placement looks unique, as if the painter wanted to take the perspective of the position behind the sun.

In the painting, the sun is not behind the hill but on the hill and even covers the hill. This uniqueness seems only to be owned by Affandi, as the expressionist maestro's point of view in expression. He deserves to be a famous painter.

Identification of Response Text Information

What works do you respond to?	Clove garden painting
Who produced the work?	Affandi
Who responded?	Judging from the response that uses a lot of technical language of art, it is likely that the respondent is a curator (appraiser) or an art critic, if not an art journalist or someone who really likes fine art and could become a collector.
What is the form of the response?	The form of response given is praise, no criticism is given to the above writing.
How to respond?	Responders provide a brief context in the form of a description of the work in the most interesting part. Then discuss the painting technique that is considered very good (commendable) from maestro Affandi. The response ends by concluding that the essence of the beauty of the painting is Affandi's unique and special point of view and painting technique.

 

Summarizing the Information Content of the Response Text

Based on the identification above, it can be concluded that the response above is a response of praise from someone who understands and understands art well to Affandi's painting "Kebun Cloves," which, according to him, is very good and unique work because of the characteristics of Affandi's point of view and painting style. He is very different and slick, so he deserves to be one of the greatest painting maestros in Indonesia.

Studying the structure and language of the response-text      

As stated above, the structure of the text of praise consists of 1) context, which means what, where, and when the thing being responded to occurs; 2) Description, how and what kind of thing was responded to, 3) Assessment, which means how the respondent thinks about the thing being responded to.

The three parts of the response structure are the main keys to studying the response text. In addition, language can also be another biggest benchmark.

Praise Appropriately

The response text contains descriptive text that describes or describes in detail something that is being responded to. Then in the praise model, there will be a language of praise automatically. Talking about praise, several aspects must be considered as follows.

1. Sincere, not small talk
2. Respect and appreciate
3. The right time (sometimes it is appropriate to give praise right away or in front of many people to make it more meaningful to the commendable).
4. It gives a sense of comfort because sometimes complimenting makes someone awkward.

Criticize Objectively

Criticism in everyday language has actually lost its true essence. Criticism is too synonymous with a slur or insult to something that is considered bad by the critic. In fact, criticism is a careful review that is carried out objectively based on a careful analysis and does not just judge something from personal opinion.

Sample Response Text

A collection of some examples of response texts can be seen in the article below:

Example of Response Text and Structure (Critical, Praise, Culture, etc.)

Continue reading Response Text (Critical / Praise): Structure, Understanding, Model, Etc