Example of Negotiation Text and Its Structure (Various Topics)

Example negotiation text in this article they are sorted by the structure of the negotiating text, which includes: orientation, content (submission, offer), and agreement. Here are some examples of negotiation texts and their structures with the following themes: negotiation of buying and selling in the market, buying and selling of cellphones, between families, negotiating texts in the form of dialogues, and offer letters.

Example of a Buy and Sell Negotiation Text in the Market

The following is an example of a long negotiation text regarding a sale and purchase negotiation between Mirna's mother and a fruit seller's brother.

Buying Sweet Fragrant Mango

Orientation

That afternoon, Mirna's mother deliberately went to the market to buy mangoes. He decided to buy mangoes because he knew that this month was mango season and hoped to get them at a low price. Shortly after arriving at the market, he immediately approached one of the stalls selling fruit customers.

Contents (contains: submissions & offers)

"How much does the mango cost, bro?" Mrs Mirna asked.

Offer

"Two five kilos, ma'am, it's already cheap," replied the fruit seller's brother.

Submission

"Oh, I see, but isn't it the season right now, bro? Could it be even cheaper?" Mrs Mirna is trying to get a discount.

Offer

"Yeah, for mom, it can only be twenty-two thousand."

Submission

"The discount period is only reduced by three thousand bang, and I'm already a subscriber, you know here."

Offer

"This price is indeed higher, ma'am; the mango has a special sweet aroma; the flesh is thick and very sweet."

Submission

"Eighteen thousand, eh?" Offer Mrs Mirna a little smile.

Offer

"If this mango kweni is okay, ma'am, eighteen thousand," replied the fruit seller's brother.

Submission

"Duh, I want a sweet fragrant mango, bang."

Offer

"Yes, because Mirna's mother has become a loyal customer, I will only give you twenty thousand."

Approval / Deal

"Okay then, it's okay, twenty thousand; I'll take two kilos, okay?"

"Ready, ma'am, I'll choose the ripe one."

It didn't take long; the fruit seller's brother deftly selected the best quality fruits for Mrs Mirna. He then wrapped it and gave the mango, which had been weighed before, to Mrs Mirna. My mother greeted me with a smile. The two have managed to make a deal that makes both of them happy.

Example of Negotiation Text in Dialog Form

Negotiated text in the form of dialogue means that the text has no narration and all sentences in it are direct sentences equipped with the speaker or speaker indicators (Speaker Name: "Spoken sentence."

The following is an example of a short negotiation text in the form of a dialogue in a family environment.

Buying a new laptop

Orientation

Bagas: "Well, I heard that Dad just bought a new cellphone for Rani," Bagas asked

Father: "Yes, gas, why? Don't tell me you want it too; your cellphone is still good," dad answered while raising his eyebrows.

Bagas: "No, yes, yes, Bagas' cellphone is still good, but..."

Father: "Wow, it's bad if there is a but", cut my father.

Contents (submissions & offers)

Bagas: "It's more serious, Bagas, lately there are more and more college assignments and require a lot of applications to complete them, while Bagas's laptop is slow," Bagas continued his conversation.

Father: "Don't tell me you want to buy a new laptop."

Bagas: "Yes, well, because Bagas's assignments are always hampered, besides this laptop is indeed quite old, from Bagas in 11th grade of high school. Even though the Bagas study program also requires a faster laptop, right, it's like studying Design; 3d applications require high computing power, right?"

Dad: "Wow, you really can, but Dad just bought a cellphone for your sister, dad's money will run out of gas."

Bagas: "If Dad buys a new laptop for Bagas, this laptop can be given to Rani, right, so Dad doesn't have to buy Rani another laptop for ICT lessons."

Agreement

Father: "Well then, I will buy it, but..."

Bagas: "Promise me, Bagas will study seriously", answered Bagas, cutting Dad's words.

Father: "You... that's not what I mean; you're already in college. It's your duty to be aware of the importance of studying hard."

Bagas: "Oh, yeah yeah, Hehe.. then what then?"

Dad: "But later, next month after Dad gets paid and you have to promise to teach Rani to use a laptop."

Bagas: "Ready, sir!" Bagas replied while joking a little.

Example of a Negotiation Text for buying and selling cellphones

Below is an example of a negotiation text in narrative form and its structure.

Bought a new cellphone for Rani

Orientation

Pak Bimo, Rani's father, who had promised to buy a new cellphone, finally went to a cellphone sales outlet near his house. He also already knows the model of the cellphone that Rani wants to have after discussing it together at home.

However, in preparation for buying Bagas a new laptop, Mr Bimo also had to be able to save as much money as possible by getting a cheaper price for the cellphone model that Rani wanted. Therefore he tries to get the best offer from the shop.

Contents

Mr Bimo: "Good afternoon, sir, I want to buy an A51 model cellphone," asked Mr Bimo.

Shopkeeper: "Afternoon, sir, the model is here; I'll get it for a moment, sir," he answered responsively.

Mr Bimo: "Oh, yes, sir," replied Mr Bimo, somewhat surprised to hear that the shopkeeper quickly took the HP unit in question.

Shopkeeper: "Please, sir, there are three colour choices, black, pink, and grey".

Pak Bimo: "Wait a minute, how much does it cost?"

Shopkeeper: "Two million seven hundred fifty thousand pack, especially the black one costs two million eight hundred fifty thousand."

Pak Bimo: "Wow, the price is too high. Isn't there a discount, bro?"

Shopkeeper: "Incidentally, there is no promo, sir, for now."

Pak Bimo: "Too bad, even though I only brought two million five hundred thousand."

Shopkeeper: "Our best offer can only provide free scratch-resistant and standard foreign only, sir."

Pak Bimo: "I see. Isn't it possible if the price is reduced to two million five hundred thousand, sir? If I can take it right now."

Shopkeeper: "I don't think you can, sir, but let me ask my boss first."

Pak Bimo: "Yes, sir, thank you."

The shopkeeper walked to the back of the HP shop and seemed to be talking to someone who was his boss. Not long after, the boss of the shopkeeper then asked Pak Bimo from a distance as he walked over to him.

Store Manager: "Excuse me, sir, may I know what colour cell phone do you want to take?"

Pak Bimo: "I want to buy a pink one, sir," replied Pak Bimo.

Agreement

Store Manager: "Oh, I see, coincidentally then, for the pink unit, you can only pack two million five hundred thousand, coincidentally we still have a lot of pink stock, and the management wants to finish it quickly."

Pak Bimo: "Then I'll pay right now, bro".

After the agreement occurred, the shopkeeper of the cellphone outlet then opened the cellphone to check the completeness and condition of the cellphone unit. Do not forget he also paired the free anti-scratch that has been offered previously. Pak Bimo then rushed home to immediately give the new cellphone to Rani.

Sample Bid Negotiation Text

The following is an example of an offer negotiation text in the form of an offer letter.

Similar to Stationary

Jalan Gunung Batu no. 643

Bandung City, East Java

Website: www. Pendidikanberkualitastinggi.blogspot.com

Email: info@ Pendidikanberkualitastinggi.blogspot.com

Number: 029/PROM-21/2020 5 September 2020

Subject: Special Product Offer

Attachment: One sheet

 

Dear. Arkamaya Software House

Guntur Sari Wetan Street

Bandung City, West Java

Yours faithfully,

Orientation

Pendidikanberkualitastinggi.blogspot.com is an office stationery and computer server technology company that provides a variety of high-quality, high-powered stationery and computer server products. We have satisfied more than sixty companies who have entrusted their stationery and office computer technology to us.

Offer

In order to welcome the new year, we have a special offer in the form of discounts of up to 30%. This promotion period is valid from 21 September to 29 December. Prices of goods can be seen in the attached brochure.

For further information, you can contact our sales section head at 0897227928. We convey this offer letter. We thank you very much for your time and trust.

Best regards,

Marketing Field

Anton

Example of Negotiation Text Analysis

An example of negotiation text analysis can be seen at the link below:

Negotiation Text: Structure, Characteristics, Definition, Examples & Analysis

Continue reading Example of Negotiation Text and Its Structure (Various Topics)

Negotiation Text: Structure, Characteristics, Definition, Examples & Analysis

Definition of Negotiation Text

Negotiation text is a text in the form of social interaction that serves to seek agreement between parties who have different interests. Basically, negotiations are carried out to achieve commensurate goals between these different interests.

The definition of the negotiating text above is strengthened by the opinion of Kosasih (2014, p. 86), who argues that a negotiation is a form of social interaction that functions to reach an agreement between parties with different interests.

In line with the opinion above, the Ministry of Education and Culture Team (2017, p. 149) stated that a negotiation is a form of social interaction that finds a common solution between parties with different interests.

The negotiation text material will be discussed in full here, starting from the structure, characteristics, presentation patterns, linguistic rules to examples and analysis based on expert opinions from trusted reference books.

Negotiation Text Structure

In the book compiled by the Ministry of Education and Culture Team (2017, p. 163), The structure of the negotiating text consists of 1) Orientation (Opening), 2) Content, consisting of a) Submission, b) Offer, 3) Approval (Closing).

Meanwhile, according to Muryanto et al. (2013, p. 150) states that the negotiation structure includes:

1.      Orientation

In the form of an opening that will start the request or submission process.

2.      The content consists of a) Request (submission), which attempts to obtain the desired interest of the bidder, b) Bidding means trying to provide a recompense for the interest submitted, c) Fulfillment, steps taken to try to avoid gaps between demand and supply. 

3.      An agreement is a conclusion and a solution created through negotiations, including a purchase (if the negotiation is about buying and selling) or closing a formal agreement in the form of a memorandum or agreement resulting from the negotiation.

Characteristics of Negotiation Text

The characteristics of the negotiating text are as follows:

1. Have participants, for example, the party who submits the proposal and the party who bids. In some negotiating texts to resolve conflicts, a third participant acts as a mediator, guide, or intermediary.
2. There are different interests of the parties involved.
3. Contains submissions and offers from parties with different interests.
4. Conclusion: there is an agreement that all parties can agree upon due to negotiations.
5. There are expressions that are persuasive or persuade/invite.

Meanwhile, Kosasih (2014, p. 88) briefly summarizes the characteristics of negotiation texts as follows.

1. Negotiations lead to a deal
2. Generate mutually beneficial decisions
3.  It is a means to find solutions
4. Leads to practical goals
5. Prioritizing common interests

Negotiation Text Presentation Pattern

There are three different patterns of presentation of negotiating texts. The three patterns are as follows.

1. Dialog Negotiation Text. The presentation of the negotiating text in this pattern is realized in the form of a dialogue using direct sentences.
2. Narrative Negotiation Text (Short Story) This pattern presents a negotiating text with a combination of narrative and direct sentence dialogue.
3. Negotiation text is presented by letters, such as a job application letter or offer letter to a company.

Language Rules of Negotiation Text

Linguistic rules are types of words, sentences, or other lingual units that often appear in a type of text. According to Kosasih (2014, p. 93), negotiating texts' rules or linguistic characteristics are as follows.

1. Using news sentences, questions and commands are almost balanced. This is related to the form of negotiation in the form of daily conversation so that the three types of sentences may appear interchangeably.
2. Use a lot of sentences that express desire or hope. This has a lot to do with the function of the negotiation, namely to express interests and compromise with the interlocutor. Therefore, there will be many sentences that state this intention which is marked by the use of words such as: please, may, ask, hope, hopefully.
3. Using conditional sentences, namely, sentences marked with the words: if, if, if, if, if. This is related to a number of conditions put forward by each party in a series of negotiations of their respective interests.
4. Many use conjunctions of cause (causality)such as: because, because, because, consequently, because of that. Because this text will use a lot of arguments submitted by each party. To clarify the reasons, they need to convey a number of reasons accompanied by the use of causal conjunctions.

Negotiation Text Type

The types of negotiation texts can be sorted by: profit and loss, situation, and also the number of negotiators. The following is a complete description of each type of negotiation text.

Negotiation based on profit and loss

Profit-and-loss negotiations are negotiations that are classified according to the outcome and circumstances of the ongoing negotiations. Negotiations based on profit and loss consist of:

1.      Negotiation to avoid conflict (lose-lose)

Both parties negotiate to avoid a potential conflict arising because neither side benefits from the conflict.

2.      Collaborative negotiation (win-win)

Both parties are trying to reach an agreement that combines their respective interests.

3.      Accommodation negotiation (lose-win)

In this type, the negotiator has little advantage and tends to lose out on the recognized party. Usually, these negotiations are carried out to at least slightly reduce the impact of the losses obtained. This type of negotiation situation can occur because previously, there have been negotiations that were unbalanced and detrimental to the negotiator.

4.      Dominance negotiation (win-lose)

The opposite of accommodation negotiation, in which the negotiator gets a greater advantage than the other side of the negotiation.

Situation based negotiation

Situation based negotiations can be divided into the following types:

1.      Formal negotiations

Occurs informal situations such as the existence of a legal agreement, and each party is an agency or institution with a legal umbrella. For example, negotiations between companies, government agencies, or educational institutions.

2.      Informal or informal negotiations

It can be done by anyone, at any time, without a special agreement and an overarching law.

Negotiation Based on Number of Negotiators

Generally, negotiations occur between two parties only. However, there are also negotiations that involve more than two parties. Here is the explanation.

1.      Negotiation with intermediaries

This negotiation is carried out by two negotiators accompanied by an intermediary who is in charge of conveying and concluding the final decision of the negotiation. For example, in negotiations in court, the plaintiff and the defendant are parties who can negotiate. Meanwhile, the judge and the entire court system are the arbiters.

2.      Negotiations without intermediaries

Negotiations are carried out without an intermediary, so the decision and outcome of the negotiations depend on the negotiating party.

New HP Negotiation Text Sample & Analysis

In fact, Rani has wanted a new cellphone for a long time. He had several times persuaded his father to buy him a new cellphone. But his efforts continued to fail, and he finally tried to ask his mother for help. However, Rani's efforts still failed.

Last week, Rani finally planned to really try to convince her father that she really needed a new cellphone.

"Well… Rani really needs HP. Buy it, OK?" Rani said to her father.

"Father doesn't have enough money to buy HP yet, Ran. After all, we already have a landline," said my father, placing the newspaper on the table.

"But, well… all of Rani's friends have cellphones. They can easily call their parents when they have to come home late."

"Then don't come home late," said father again.

Rani can be said to almost cry. "Not only that, Yah ... Rani is jealous of Rani's friends who can easily download learning materials, send assignments, and even discuss how to do assignments without leaving the house," Rani said incoherent and clear sentences. The sentence he had actually composed and contrived for several days to seduce his father.

Hearing Rani's kind explanation, Dad took off his glasses and then looked at Rani gently. "Is that HP so important to you, kid?"

Suddenly Rani was almost made to jump for joy hearing Dad's reaction.

"Yeah, yeah. Moreover, teachers often assign us to send assignments to Facebook groups or upload assignments on blogs. If Rani has a cellphone, it's good. You can have a discussion with your friends, and you can access the internet through your cellphone."

"Hm... Dad will buy a cellphone for Rani, as long as ..." father seemed to deliberately tease Rani.

"From what, Dad?" asked Rani impatiently.

"As long as Rani studies hard and promises to use the cellphone for positive things."

"Rani promise, Yah. Thank you, Dad," Rani promised while hugging her father.

(MoEC, 2017).

New HP Negotiation Text Analysis

Analyzing the negotiating text means sorting it out based on the smallest parts that make up the text. For example, from the structure or what are the factors that make the negotiations that run in the text successful? The following is a description of the analysis.

New HP Negotiation Text Structure Analysis

The narrative in the negotiating text should be set aside first to facilitate analysis in the negotiating text with a narrative pattern (a mixture of short stories and dialogues).

Rani:“Well… Rani really needs HP. Buy it, OK?” Rani said to her father.   Father:“Father doesn't have enough money to buy HP yet, Ran. After all, we already have a landline," said my father, placing the newspaper on the table.	Orientation
Rani:“But, well… all of Rani's friends have cellphones. They can easily call their parents when they have to come home late.”	Submission
Father: "Then don't come home late,"	Offer
Rani: "Not only that, Yah ... Rani is jealous of Rani's friends who can easily download learning materials, send assignments, and even discuss how to do assignments without having to leave the house,"	Submission
Father: "Is that HP so important to you, kid?"	Offer
Rani:"Yeah, yeah. Moreover, teachers often assign us to send assignments to facebook groups or upload assignments on blogs. If Rani has a cellphone, it's good. You can have a discussion with your friends and you can access the internet through your cellphone.”	Submission
Father: "Hm... Dad will buy a cellphone for Rani, as long as ..."   Rani:"From what, Dad?" asked Rani impatiently.   Father: "As long as Rani studies hard and promises to use the cellphone for positive things."   Rani:"Rani promise, Yah. Thank you, Father."	Agreement

 

Analysis of the Factors Causing the Success of New HP Negotiations

Factors causing success are ascertained by looking for persuasive sentences or expressions that have strong positive reasons for the party being asked or proposed.

Factors Causing Successful Negotiations	Quotation Proof
The reasons given are able to convince the father that the child's wishes are beneficial.	Rani: "Not only that, Yah ... Rani is jealous of Rani's friends who can easily download learning materials, send assignments, and even discuss how to do assignments without having to leave the house,"
Do not force the other party. My father initially refused but citing a lack of money indicating that he would buy it when the money was available, as well as providing an alternative solution; House phone.	Father: “Father doesn't have enough money to buy HP, Ran. After all, there is already a landline, "
Participants' willingness to compromise, accept differences of opinion.	Father: "As long as Rani studies hard and promises to use the cellphone for positive things." Rani: “Rani promise, Yah. Thank you, Father."

 

Analyze (Identify) Persuasive Sentences in New HP Negotiation Texts

Persuasive sentences can be seen by sorting out the arguments (as exposition text) who have various reasons to accompany them.

"Father doesn't have enough money to buy HP yet, Ran. After all, you already have a landline." My father implied that he would buy a new cell phone when he had enough money.

Persuasive Sentences	Implied Meaning
But, well… all of Rani's friends have HP. They can easily call their parents when forced to come home late.	Actually, Rani only wants a cellphone, because contacting her parents when she comes home late can be done with other options such as asking friends or the school for help.
"Yeah, yeah. Moreover, teachers often assign us to send assignments to facebook groups or upload assignments on blogs. If Rani has a cellphone, it's good. You can have a discussion with your friends and you can access the internet through your cellphone.”	By having a cellphone, Rani indirectly promises that she will study hard. So in the end his father wanted to confirm about this implicit promise.

 Example of Negotiation Text

More examples of negotiation texts on various topics can be seen in the articles below:

Example of Negotiation Text and Its Structure (Various Topics)

Continue reading Negotiation Text: Structure, Characteristics, Definition, Examples & Analysis

Sample Review Text and Its Structure (Various Topics)

This article's example review text/reviews are arranged briefly but still apply various appropriate rules and structures.

Overview of the Definition of Review Text

Review text or review (English: review) is a text that reviews the contents, advantages, and disadvantages of books, films, or other texts that the author has published. The structure itself consists of: title, introduction, the content of reviews/reviews, advantages, and disadvantages.

Here are some examples of review texts or reviews that are packaged in short, easy-to-understand language with themes: novels (Rain), textbooks, films, friendship dramas, etc.

Rain Novel Review Text Example

Title of Review / Review

Review of the Novel "Rain" by Tere Liye

Identity of Reviewer / Review

Title	:	Rain
Writer	:	Tere Liye
Publication Year	:	January 2016
Publisher	:	Gramedia Main Library
Number of pages	:	320
Genre/Category	:	Drama

 

Introduction (Orientation)

A novel is a form of literature that has existed from time to time and has not been replaced by other, more sophisticated media. This is natural because media such as films will still depend on text in its production.

Then, good texts are still written in prose like a novel before being made into a film scenario. One of the novels that managed to touch people's hearts is the Rain Novel by Tere Liye.

Contents of Reviews / Reviews (Interpretation)

This novel tells the story of love, friendship, as well as the dilemma of separation and division. Rain is a sub-theme that covers the whole content of the novel; phrases that are inserted through the slick allegorical figure of speech.

Readers will feel a lot of connection with this novel how the problem continues to hit and must be passed carefully and together. Love, anger, joy, and sorrow radiate from the daily stories that occur in it.

This novel has a short but strong number of characters. The main character is an orphaned woman because her parents died in a natural disaster. Even Lail, who is the main character, witnessed how his mother did not survive the cruelty of the disaster.

This is where this story begins. Lail then has more motivation to be able to help save others. Her chosen profession is to be a nurse. Like Tere Liye's other novels, this novel is also full of surprises from a typical plot twist.

Novel Excellence (Evaluation)

The twisting of Tere Liye's typical plot is still the main aspect of this novel. Most readers will not expect the various plot twists in it. The story is very interesting and tends to be easily understood by readers. The language used is simple but still beautiful.

Novel Weaknesses (Evaluation)

Some events seem too forced. One example is when a major natural disaster occurs, and it turns out that there are still buildings that are not damaged and are intact even though it seemed impossible for the incident to occur because of the enormous scale of the disaster.

Closing (Summary)

The stories in this book are very interesting. Coupled with strong and focused characterizations will make the reader more engaged and carried away by the story. Not to mention, through Tere Liye's typical plot twist, readers will be thrilled and curious to know the ending of the story.

Sample Book Review Text

Title of Review / Review

Book Review "Reading as a Language Skill" by Henry Guntur Tarigan

Identity of Reviewer / Review

Title	:	Reading as a Language Skill
Writer	:	Prof. DR. Henry Thunder Tarigan
Publication Year	:	2015
Publisher	:	Bandung Space
Number of pages	:	151

 

Introduction (Orientation)  

Reading is one of the important language skills to be mastered. What's more, during the industrial revolution 4.0, literacy is one of the keys to the success or failure of a person. Reading is the main tool to master the various literacy needed in dealing with this disruptive era.

This book was written by Prof. DR. Henry Guntur Tarigan from Lingga Julu, Kabanjahe, Tanah Karo, North Sumatra. He was a permanent lecturer at FPBS-IKIP Bandung and an outstanding lecturer in the subject "Indonesian Language Proficiency" at the Faculty of Letters, Leiden University, The Netherlands.

One of his works that are still being used as a reference for learning Indonesian is "Reading as a Language Skill," which will be reviewed in this review.

Contents of Reviews / Reviews (Interpretation)

The first chapter of the book, it is explained language learning which includes: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. It also explains the importance and the relationship between these various language skills for students or the general public.

Chapter two deals specifically with reading aloud. Reading aloud is an activity to capture information along with other people to understand the thoughts contained in the reading text. Until this chapter, the explanations in it are written in a short and easy-to-understand manner.

Then chapter three focuses on silent reading, which is the individual's way of truly understanding what is conveyed in the reading text. Furthermore, the next chapter is continued by a content study and ends with a language study in reading.

Readers will be spoiled by how this book describes the material for reading skills in a short but concise and clear way. The book discusses the overall skill of reading carefully.

Book Advantages (Evaluation)

Prof. DR. Henry Guntur Tarigan has the characteristic of making books about language according to the field of science he is studying. The book entitled "Reading as a language skill" by Prof. DR.Henry Guntur Tarigan has a simple shape and attractive cover color.

Prof. Dr. Henry Guntur Tarigan has a characteristic that makes language learning books according to what is needed in studying this science. This book uses clear and firm language and does not hesitate to repeat some explanations to make sure the reader really understands it.

Lack of Books (Evaluation)

Unfortunately, some of the choices of words or diction are still too heavy to understand. We must often open the glossary to understand a linguistic term that uses academic language or special scientific terms.

In fact, if you use simple terms and words, all people can understand them more easily without looking at the glossary. However, this can be a weakness or even an advantage for certain groups, especially for students who are pursuing higher education.

Closing (Summary)

This book discusses reading skills comprehensively and in-depth. However, keep using straightforward and simple language so that readers easily understand it. Even so, some word choices are a bit difficult, especially for readers who are new to linguistics. However, this cannot be called a deficiency because, in the end, this book is a scientific book that discusses linguistics in detail.

Laskar Pelangi Film Review Text Example

The following is an example of a review text for the friendship drama "Laskar Pelangi" written by Andrea Hirata and directed by Riri Riza.

Title of Review / Review

Film Review "Laskar Pelangi"

Identity of Reviewer / Review

Movie title	:	Rainbow Troops
Writer	:	Andrea Hirata
Director	:	Riri Riza
Producer	:	Mira Lesmana
Year Played	:	2008
Distributor	:	Miles Production & Mizan Production
Duration	:	120 minutes

 

Introduction (Orientation)

The film is one of the most popular forms of art by the public. Films, if produced properly, can provide entertainment as well as educate the audience with various strong messages conveyed through the story.

One of the films with these criteria is Laskar Pelangi, directed by Riri Riza. Meanwhile, the story is based on a novel written by Andrea Hirata with the same title.

Contents of Reviews / Reviews

The story begins when Ikal returns to his hometown on the island of Belitung. He then recounted his childhood there, when he first entered the Muhammadiyah elementary school. There he met 9 of his friends who later became known as the Laskar Pelangi group.

SD Muhammadiyah where Laskar Pelangi goes to school is the oldest school in the Belitung area. The school is very small, dilapidated, and inappropriate when compared to other schools such as the PN Timah School. Irony began to form when poverty hit the local people even though PN Timah was exploiting their land wealth.

But the joys and sorrows they face together there. With hiccups, the school continued to survive with their bright students, who were nicknamed Laskar Pelangi by Mrs. Hamzah, one of the teachers there. This is where the heart-warming main plot begins, how they all continue to be strong and survive in the face of all the limitations that surround their efforts to learn.

Film Advantages (Evaluation)

The daily stories of remote areas become the biggest strength of this film. It's the packaging is a simple but striking storyline is also one of the irreplaceable advantages. The beauty of the island of Belitung is also a charm in itself from the side of cinematography.

Lack of Film (Evaluation)

There is an incomplete explanation of how Lintang gained extraordinary knowledge in even knowing the Latin name of certain plants. Even though their school is a remote school, it is difficult to get books of knowledge.

For example, if there was an explanation that Lintang got access to quality books via a ship that stopped by and happened to be carrying a load of books, the story would make more sense. In addition, it is not explained how Lintang obtained his knowledge.

Closing (Summary)

Through the story of his warm friendship and his struggle with the various shortcomings faced, this film becomes very interesting and meaningful to watch. The story can inspire and motivate us not to waste the various advantages that we already have.

The slick story of the writer and the aesthetically pleasing cinematography of the director make this film a visual as well as a psychological excursion that can enlighten the heart. It's no exaggeration to name the film "Laskar Pelangi" as one of the best Indonesian films.

Sample Text for a Novel Earth of Mankind

Title of Review / Review

Review of the Novel "Bumi Manusia" by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Identity Review / Reviewer

Title	:	Human Earth
Writer	:	Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Print	:	January 17, 2011
Publisher	:	Lantern Dipantara
Number of pages	:	535

 

Introduction (Orientation)

Bumi Manusia is the first book in the "Buru" tetralogy written by one of Indonesia's greatest writers, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, while in prison on the island of Buru in 1975. This book was banned from publication in 1981 because it was deemed to contain bad teachings.

In fact, in fact, this book is actually rich in history, especially during the Dutch colonial period, and the message it contains actually evokes a sense of nationalism. This novel is considered very influential, and Pramoedya Ananta Toer almost got proposed to get a Nobel Prize for it. How not, until 2005 alone, this book was published in 33 different languages.

Contents of Reviews / Reviews

This novel is set in the late 18th century, presenting the atmosphere very nicely and in detail. The location described in the book Bumi Manusia is Wonokromo at the end of the 19th century, which is a sugarcane plantation area, Surabaya, Blora.

It is as if the reader is in that century when reading it. Readers will be made as if they were in that era with the hustle and bustle of the colonial atmosphere that creates its own romance.

The story begins with the story of an indigenous descendant, namely Minke. He was often ridiculed by the Dutch full-blooded because of his dark skin and essentially because he was of indigenous descent. But for the size of the natives at that time, Minke was an educated figure.

Unlike most other natives, Minke had the opportunity to study at a Dutch East Indies school. He studied at a school where the teachers came from European soil (mostly the Netherlands). Various European literacy and culture have been formed in it.

He then greatly admired European culture and almost forgot his own country. But he realized that his admiration was only for his knowledge in the end. He was struck by the fact that his people were being slaves to European colonies who did not respect indigenous human rights.

In his story of fighting for indigenous rights, he meets a native of Dutch descent who has a European face but Indonesian hair and eyes. He finally fell in love with her.

However, his meeting with Annelies, the descendant girl, actually brought him to the peak of the problems he had to face in the Dutch East Indies court, which did not pay attention to indigenous rights before the law.

Advantages (Evaluation)

The advantage of this book is that it reflects a very rich and detailed history. The novel carefully pays attention to the entire atmosphere and socio-political situation at that time. What is presented is not as cliche as the story of colonialism alone, but ownership that is rarely highlighted actually appears and is conveyed more quietly in the story.

Pram's skill in writing is really shown in this book. His fluent language style, sharp thoughts, story style, choice of words, and how he manages to bewitch his readers to come in and feel the stories and images created in this novel are rare to find.

Weaknesses (Evaluation)

There are almost no flaws that surround this novel. In some sections, some terms and ideas may be more difficult to digest, especially for the layman or someone whose literacy is not as bright as Pram.

But that is precisely one of the features of this novel, being able to open new horizons of knowledge while providing entertainment both concretely through its thrilling narrative and story and spiritually through enlightening new thoughts.

Closing (Summary)

It's no surprise that this book almost brought him the Nobel Prize. This extraordinary book combines slick imagery, exciting narration, and a strong moral message that can enchant the reader as if he really entered the world of a novel filled with endless literary charms.

Continue reading Sample Review Text and Its Structure (Various Topics)

Review Text: Definition, Structure, Purpose, Characteristics & Method

Understanding Review Text

Review text is a response, presentation, and assessment of work as information and consideration for potential readers or someone who has enjoyed the work. A review text is writing that provides opinions, brief explanations, and assessments of work such as books, novels, short stories, films, songs, etc.

The statement above is in line with Kosasih (2014, p. 66), who argues that a review text, or the same as a reviewer, introduces a book or work to readers and help them understand or even consider choosing it.

Meanwhile, some opinions of other experts regarding the meaning of the review text are as follows.

Definition of Review Text According to Experts

Isnatun & Farida

Text reviews or reviews are writings that contain considerations or assessments of a work written or created by other people (Isnatun & Farida, 2013, p. 57).

Dalman

According to Dalman (2014: 229), review or review is a term used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a book (work).

Waluyo

According to Waluyo (2014, p. 106), a review, also called a review text, is a text that contains considerations or reviews about a book (work).

It can be concluded that what is meant by review text is writing to respond to a product that has been published to the wider community, such as novels, poems, films, and various other works that require discussion as consideration for the public in choosing products or entertainment to be enjoyed.

Review Text Structure

The review text structure is the unique parts that make up a text that can be categorized into review text. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture team (2017, p. 166), the structure of the review text consists of the following points.

1.      Work identity

Include title, author, publisher, year of publication, etc. This section can be stated directly through a list or table or indirectly through a descriptive paragraph. The work's identity also depends on the work being reviewed; if the film is being reviewed, the name of the director is also usually included. In addition, film reviews will also include "air date," not the year of publication.

2.      Orientation

This is a general introduction to the work to be reviewed. Usually, this section describes how the state of existence of the work being reviewed, whether it gets a lot of attention, works by legendary artists, causes controversy, etc.

3.      Synopsis/Review

It summarizes the contents of the book/film or other work that will be reviewed. A good reviewer should tell the general plot and should not divulge the entire work.

4.      Analysis

It is an explanation of the elements that make up the work being reviewed, such as themes, characterizations, or plots in a novel/short story. This section is actually optional and can be integrated with the synopsis, but the analysis of the constituent elements can help to show the form of the work without divulging the entire contents.

5.      Evaluation

This section is a presentation that contains: the advantages and disadvantages of the work. Our interpretation or interpretation of the benefits or mandate of the work can also be concluded here.

Language Rules Review Text

Apart from its unique structure when compared to other texts, reviews can also be distinguished by their linguistic features or rules. The following are the linguistic rules of the review text put forward by the Kemdikbud team (2017, p. 168).

1. Many use descriptive conjunctions, for example: that, that is.
2. Many use temporal conjunctions, such as: since, since, then, finally.
3. Often use causal conjunctions, such as: because, because, because of that.
4. Using statements of recommendations and suggestions at the end of the text marked by the words: should, should, should not, should. An example of a sentence is: The second moral value is that we should be willing to forgive the mistakes of others who have repented.

Furthermore, Kosasih (2014, p. 97) states that the linguistic characteristics of linguistic rules of the review text are as follows.

1. Contains an explanation of the elements of the work to be reviewed.
2. Many use opinion or persuasive words.
3. Often use internal conjunctions and external conjunctions.
4. Using comparative expressions (equality/difference).
5. Use material verbs and rational verbs.

Review Text Destination

According to Isnatun & Farida (2013, p. 57), the purpose of the review text is as follows.

1. Presenting comprehensive or thorough information about a work.
2. Influence the public (art connoisseurs) to contemplate, think about, and discuss further phenomena, problems, and the advantages of work.
3. Give consideration to potential connoisseurs of the work whether the work being reviewed is worthy or not to be enjoyed (watched/read).

Then Dalman (2014, p. 231) argues the same as all of the above objectives but adds additional points for the purpose of the review text, namely:

1. Provide information about the people involved in the creation of the work, such as: who the author is and how he wrote the book.
2. Discuss things after reading or watching (enjoying the work), such as how the work relates to similar works by different authors.

Features of Review Text

Based on the various explanations previously mentioned, it can be concluded that some of the characteristics of the review text are as follows.

1. Contains information or identification of work.
2. Discuss the background and relationship of the work with other works.
3. Contains general opinions and descriptions of the content or meaning of a work.
4. Have an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the work.
5. There is an opinion that is interpreted from the facts or findings obtained.

Review Text Type

Waluyo (2014, p. 128) reviews can be divided into several types based on the object being reviewed, namely:

1. Book reviews are divided into two types: literature (novels, romances, literature) and factual books that are not imaginative such as biographies, scientific essays, journals, knowledge books, etc.
2. Film reviews are reviews that review films or the like such as tv series, soap operas, etc.
3. A performance review is a review that reviews the activities being staged, such as theater, music performances, dance performances, puppets, etc.
4. Artwork reviews are reviews that review forms of art such as paintings, sculptures, decorative works, etc.

How to Write Review Text

Review text is a text that discusses and evaluates a book or other work so that this text is compiled based on the understanding or interpretation of the reviewer. Therefore reading or enjoying the work seriously is the main step to writing a review.

Next, it is enough to prepare the contents to fill in the various structures of the review text. Such as the steps for writing a review text according to the Ministry of Education and Culture team (2017, p. 171) as follows.

1. Record the identity of the book or other work to be reviewed, including the title of the work, the author, other parties who play an important role (director, etc.), the date of publication.
2. Record various interesting things that become the main charm of the work to be reviewed.
3. Analyze and then examine the advantages and disadvantages of the content of the work.
4. Make conclusions about the content and overall impression obtained after reading or enjoying the work.
5. Make suggestions that indicate a concrete action that can be taken or expectations for the work being reviewed.

Sample Review Text

Examples of review texts for the novels of Rain, Earth of Man, knowledge books & the Laskar Pelangi film can be seen in the articles below:

Sample Review Text and Its Structure(Various Topics)

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